An elderly patient is in a motor vehicle accident and sustains a significant internal hemorrhage.Which category of renal failure is the patient at the greatest risk of developing?

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Any condition that decreases blood flow, blood pressure, or kidney perfusion before arterial blood reaches the renal artery that supplies the kidney may be anatomically described as prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI).When arterial hypoperfusion caused by low cardiac output, hemorrhage, vasodilation, thrombosis, or other cause reduces the blood flow to the kidney, glomerular filtration decreases, and consequently urine output decreases.Any condition that produces an ischemic or toxic insult directly at parenchymal nephron tissue places the patient at risk for development of intrarenal AKI.Any obstruction that hinders the flow of urine from beyond the kidney through the remainder of the urinary tract may lead to postrenal AKI.When the internal filtering structures are pathologically affected, the condition was previously known as acute tubular necrosis.

An Elderly Patient Is in a Motor Vehicle Accident and Sustains