A patient has been admitted with a severed spinal cord injury at the T₂ level.The patient has been in halo traction with immobilization for the past week.The practitioner explains to the patient that the spinal cord has been severed and that the patient will not be able to walk again.The patient becomes overtly hostile to everyone.What psychosocial concept is the patient demonstrating?

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Ineffective coping is defined as an impairment of a person's adaptive behaviors and problem-solving abilities when meeting life's demands and necessary roles.Manifestations of ineffective coping in critical illness include verbalization of an inability to cope,anxiety,and being unable to meet basic needs.Regression is an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by a retreat,in the face of stress,to behaviors characteristic of an earlier developmental level.Hope is a subjective,dynamic internal process essential to life.Considered to be a spiritual process,hope is an energy that arises out of a sense of being meaningfully connected to one's self,others,and powers greater than the self.

A Patient Has Been Admitted with a Severed Spinal Cord