A patient is admitted in acute heart failure secondary to renal insufficiency.The patient reports that over the past few weeks,his urine output has decreased,and he has developed peripheral edema and ascites.Which diagnostic tests would provide the best information about the internal kidney structures,such as the parenchyma,calyces,pelvis,ureters,and bladder?

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Intravenous pyelography allows visualization of the internal kidney parenchyma,calyces,pelvis,ureters,and bladder.Kidney-ureter-bladder flat-plate radiography of the abdomen determines the position,size,and structure of the kidneys,urinary tract,and pelvis.It is useful for evaluating the presence of calculi and masses and is usually followed by additional tests.In ultrasonography,high-frequency sound waves are transmitted to the kidneys and urinary tract,and the image is viewed on an oscilloscope.This noninvasive procedure identifies fluid accumulation or obstruction,cysts,stones or calculi,and masses.It is useful for evaluating the kidneys before biopsy.Angiography is injection of contrast into arterial blood perfusing the kidneys.It allows for visualization of renal blood flow and may also visualize stenosis,cysts,clots,trauma,and infarctions.

A Patient Is Admitted in Acute Heart Failure Secondary to Renal