The spacecraft that has provided our most detailed understanding of the Martian surface to date is:

Question

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The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has provided the most detailed understanding of the Martian surface to date, with its high-resolution cameras and instruments that can detect subsurface water and minerals. The other spacecraft mentioned (Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Pathfinder, and Magellan) have either focused on other planets or have limited capabilities compared to the MRO.

The Spacecraft That Has Provided Our Most Detailed Understanding of the Martian