When Mary was pregnant with her first child James,she was young and had a poor diet and partied a lot.Mary was older and more responsible when she had her daughter Zoe,taking care of herself through the pregnancy.Who faces likely health risks as a result of fetal programming?

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Fetal programming suggests that the environment and experiences in the womb can affect the health and development of an individual. Since James was born when Mary had a poor diet and partied a lot, he might face health risks due to these adverse prenatal conditions. These risks can also be passed on to his children through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Zoe, being born later when Mary was more responsible and took care of herself, would likely not face the same risks due to a healthier prenatal environment.

When Mary Was Pregnant with Her First Child James,she Was