A child in the terminal stage of cancer has frequent breakthrough pain.Nonpharmacologic methods are not helpful,and the child is exceeding the maximum safe dose for opiate administration.What approach should the nurse implement?

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The child on long-term opioid management can become tolerant to the drugs.Also,increasing amounts of drugs may be necessary for disease progression.It is important to recognize that there is no maximum dosage that can be given to control pain.Acetaminophen will offer little additional pain control; it is useful for mild and moderate pain.Immediate hospitalization is not necessary; increased dosages of pain medications can be administered in the home environment.The principle of double effect allows for a positive intervention-relief of pain-even if there is a foreseeable possibility that death may be hastened.

A Child in the Terminal Stage of Cancer Has Frequent