Compare how individuals and organizations make decisions based on ends or based on means. Explain the cultural priorities (the impact of culture on the organizations)involved in decision making.Use examples from specific cultures.

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The Answer is Individualist,low-context cultures that value results tend to make decisions based on ends. Collectivist,high-context cultures that value relationships usually make decisions based on means. In individualist cultures,people frequently use cause-and-effect thinking to identify ways to get to the goals or ends,and their focus on goals drives the decision-making process. For example,a company looks at goals and makes a decision to introduce a new brand (to grow the market)or close down a factory (to economize)or to let an employee go (to correct an unproductive situation). Collectivist cultures tend to take into account who may be affected by a decision,and what the effect might be from network members. The Japanese decision-making process of ringi-seido ensures people's concerns have been discussed and agreements have been made.

Compare How Individuals and Organizations Make Decisions Based on Ends