Which of the following terms refers to differing approaches to the observation, measurement, manipulation, and control of variables in empirical studies?

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Research methods refer to the different approaches used in empirical studies to observe, measure, manipulate and control variables. Validity operationalizations refer to how well a variable is defined and measured in a study. Statistical analyses refer to the methods used to analyze data collected in the study. Inductive techniques refer to a method of reasoning in which a general conclusion is derived from specific observations.

Which of the Following Terms Refers to Differing Approaches to the Observation