Which technique is used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong?

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Shaping is a behavioral training technique used to teach complex behaviors in animals by reinforcing small and incremental steps towards the final behavior. In the case of teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, this would involve reinforcing the successive approximations of movements that lead to playing the game, such as flapping their wings towards a ball or touching the ball with their beak. Continuous reinforcement and respondent conditioning can also be used in animal training, but shaping is specifically suited for teaching complex behaviors. Programming is not a technique used in animal training.

Which Technique Is Used to Teach Animals Complex Tricks, Such