When is the reinforcer given in a variable-ratio schedule

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In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given after a variable number of nonreinforced responses. This means that the number of responses required before the reinforcer is given can vary, but the average number of responses needed for reinforcement remains constant. This type of schedule typically produces high and steady rates of responding, as the individual is unsure of when exactly the reinforcement will occur and must continue to engage in the behavior to increase their chances of receiving it.

When Is the Reinforcer Given in a Variable-Ratio Schedule