Why are the Native American societies of the Northwest Coast such as the Bella Coola, Haida, and Tlingit considered atypical of chiefdom societies?

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The Native American societies of the Northwest Coast, including the Bella Coola, Haida, and Tlingit, are considered atypical of chiefdom societies primarily because they were hunters and gatherers and did not practice horticulture. This is unusual for chiefdoms, which typically involve some form of agriculture or horticulture that supports their hierarchical social structures.

Why Are the Native American Societies of the Northwest Coast