In which study design do participants serve as their own controls,allowing early trends in the data to emerge?

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The longitudinal study design involves following the same group of participants over an extended period of time, allowing for early trends in the data to emerge. Participants serve as their own controls because they are being examined multiple times throughout the study, providing a comparison of their own data across different time points. This design is ideal for studying how variables change over time and identifying factors that contribute to those changes. Cross-sectional studies involve examining different groups of participants at a single point in time, while ex post facto and retrospective studies involve looking back in time to examine the relationship between variables.

In Which Study Design Do Participants Serve as Their Own