Question 1

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating the research question and hypothesis requires examining how well the purpose, aims, or goals of the study are substantiated. This includes assessing whether the research question and hypothesis are clearly stated, relevant, and feasible. Option A is more relevant to the critical appraisal of a systematic review or meta-analysis. Option B is focused on identifying and mitigating sources of bias in the study design and analysis. Option D is concerned with the external validity of the study and the extent to which its findings can be applied to other populations or situations.

Question 2

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the review of the literature of a research report?

Accepted Answer

The question is specifically related to evaluating the review of literature, which involves a synthesis summary of the strengths and weaknesses of previous research. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate choice. B, C, and D are more general critical appraisal questions that could be applied to different aspects of a research report.

Question 3

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "What sources of bias are possible with use of records or existing data sets?" The data collection method(s)and procedure(s)that this question evaluates is what?

Accepted Answer

This question evaluates the use of available data records or existing datasets as a data collection method. Records or datasets may contain biases introduced by previous data collectors or record keepers, and may not always have complete or accurate information. It is important for the researcher to critically appraise the quality and potential sources of bias within the records or data sets they are using.

Question 4

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Is a rationale given for the selection of a particular instrument or method?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

Accepted Answer

The question evaluates whether a rationale is provided for choosing a specific instrument or method, which is particularly relevant for physiological measurements where the choice of instrument can significantly impact the data collected.

Question 5

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the data-collection methods and procedures of a research report is what?

Accepted Answer

The presence of an observation guide would indicate that a standardized data-collection method was used, ensuring consistency and reliability in the data collected. It would also allow for easier reproducibility of the study in another clinical setting. The other options focus more on the presentation of results and the testing of the research questions, which are important but not specific to evaluating the data-collection methods and procedures.

Question 6

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "What provision is made for maintaining accuracy of the instrument and its use,if any?" Which data-collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

Accepted Answer

Physiological measurement requires accuracy and precision in the instruments used, so the question about maintaining accuracy is most relevant to this method.

Question 7

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Was inter-rater reliability calculated?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

Accepted Answer

Inter-rater reliability is a measure of consistency between different observers or raters. It would only be relevant to data collection methods that involve observation, such as structured observations or coding of behaviors. Therefore, option D only fits this description.

Question 8

A study includes this statement: "The fact that the inventory [instrument] was administered verbally introduced a potential bias of social desirability." This is indicative of what?

Accepted Answer

This statement indicates a limitation of the study, as it highlights a potential source of bias in the data collection method used. It does not necessarily imply implications for practice, generalizability or recommendations for future research.

Question 9

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report is what?

Accepted Answer

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report is assessing how well the purpose, aims, or goals of the study have been substantiated. This includes evaluating whether the research question and hypothesis are adequately supported by the study design and methods used. Questions related to bias and generalizability are also important, but they are not as directly related to evaluating the research question and hypothesis. A synthesis summary may be helpful, but it is not a specific critical appraisal question.

Question 10

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the applicability to nursing practice of a research report is what?

Accepted Answer

The question of replicability is important for determining the generalizability of the findings to other clinical settings, which is essential for determining the applicability to nursing practice. While the other options are also important considerations in critical appraisal, they do not directly address the issue of applicability to practice.

Question 11

A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Is the format appropriate for use with this population?" Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?

Accepted Answer

The question is evaluating the appropriateness of the format of the data collection method for use with a specific population. Questionnaires are a common data collection method and their format may need to be adapted for different populations. Physiological measurement, available data records, and observation are not directly related to the format of the data collection method.

Question 12

In evaluating quantitative research,a researcher can expect to review the report's segments in which order?
1)Methods
2)Introduction
3)Literature review
4)Discussion
5)Results

Accepted Answer

The typical structure of a quantitative research report follows the order of Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, and Discussion, which corresponds to option D (2, 3, 1, 5, 4).

Question 13

The critical appraisal question that would most accurately evaluate the conclusions,implications,and recommendations of a research report is what?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating whether the results of each hypothesis or research question presented objectively is important in ensuring that the conclusions, implications, and recommendations are based on accurate and unbiased data. This question would allow for a thorough analysis of the study's findings and their potential implications. The other answer choices are either not relevant to evaluating the conclusions, implications, and recommendations or do not address the objectivity and accuracy of the study's results.

Question 14

Which change in the sample selection procedure of a study involving continuous handrail support,oxygen uptake,and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise would have the greatest impact on increasing the generalizability of the results?

Accepted Answer

Expanding the sample population to include equal numbers of women who were moderately fit and highly fit increases the diversity of the sample, making the results more applicable to a broader population.

Question 15

How could the sample selection procedures used in a research study investigating the levels of depression occurring in blind and sighted adolescents make the sample of blind adolescents more homogeneous?

Accepted Answer

Eliminating participants taking prescription medications would reduce variability in the sample related to medication effects, making the sample more homogeneous.

Question 16

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the data analysis of a research report?

Accepted Answer

This question addresses whether the data analysis clearly supports or does not support each hypothesis or research question, which is a critical component of evaluating the validity and reliability of the study's conclusions. A, B, and D do not specifically address data analysis.

Question 17

What would make a study researching the levels of depression occurring in blind and sighted adolescents nonexperimental versus experimental in design?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What would make a study researching the...

Question 18

This statement was included in a study's abstract: "This research was an exploratory descriptive investigation of the pregnancy experiences of a multiethnic group of pregnant adolescents." What is this indicative of?

Accepted Answer

The statement indicates the study's design as it describes the methodology used to conduct the research.

Question 19

Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the sampling of a research report?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating the sampling of a research report involves asking questions related to the population that the findings apply to and any limitations of generalizability. Option D directly addresses this issue.

Question 20

This statement was included in a study's abstract: "By formalizing parenting education in the immediate postpartum period,midwives may have the opportunity to reduce the prevalence of postnatal depression"? What is this indicative of?

Accepted Answer

The statement in the abstract is suggesting the potential impact of the study's findings on future practice, specifically the implication that formalized parenting education by midwives could reduce the prevalence of postnatal depression. Therefore, this statement relates to the study's implications rather than its results, analysis, or recommendations.

Quiz 19: Critiquing Quantitative Research