Which of the Following Statements About Ecological Succession Should Be

Which of the following statements about ecological succession should be considered false?

A) It is initiated by pioneer species.
B) It often involves organisms changing the environment so that they can no longer thrive and must be replaced by others.
C) It generally results in more complex, more self-sustaining stages than the preceding ones.
D) It is an orderly progression from pioneer species to climax species indicative of the region being studied.
E) Rock exposed by a retreating glacier would exhibit primary succession.