According to one careful study,the underground economy accounted for an average of ______of gross national income in industrially developed economies and much more in underdeveloped ones.

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The underground economy, also known as the shadow or informal economy, typically accounts for a significant portion of gross national income, especially in underdeveloped countries. In industrially developed economies, it is estimated to account for an average of 12% of gross national income, indicating a substantial but smaller proportion compared to underdeveloped economies.

According to One Careful Study,the Underground Economy Accounted for an Average