______ emphasizes how the application of sanctions can lead to a deviant stigma applied by others,which in turn affects one's identity and subsequent delinquency.
A)Criminological theory
B)Differential association theory
C)Labeling theory
D)Primary deviance

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Labeling theory emphasizes how being labeled as deviant by society can lead to a "self-fulfilling prophecy," where an individual internalizes the deviant label and begins to act accordingly. This can lead to subsequent delinquent behavior and a perpetuation of the deviant identity. The application of sanctions, such as being arrested or labeled as a criminal, can contribute to this process. Criminological theory, differential association theory, and primary deviance do not directly address this issue of labeling and stigma.

______ Emphasizes How the Application of Sanctions Can Lead to a Deviant