Chemical messengers that act on neurons in the immediate vicinity of their release, generally at synapses, are

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Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that are released by neurons and act on other neurons or effector cells in close proximity, typically at synapses. They are involved in the transmission of signals between neurons and are responsible for many of the functions of the nervous system, such as movement, sensation, learning, and memory. Examples of neurotransmitters include dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. Neuromodulators and neurohormones are also involved in the regulation of neural activity, but they act over longer distances and have more widespread effects. Neuroenzymes are enzymes that are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, or degradation of neurotransmitters or other neuroactive molecules.

Chemical Messengers That Act on Neurons in the Immediate Vicinity