The chemical messengers released by neurons that diffuse beyond the synapse to have their effect on surrounding neurons are called

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Neuromodulators are chemical messengers released by neurons that diffuse beyond the synapse to affect surrounding neurons. Unlike neurotransmitters, which act quickly and are rapidly cleared from the synaptic cleft, neuromodulators act more slowly and have a longer lasting effect. Neurotransmitters act at specific receptors, whereas neuromodulators often act by altering the sensitivity of receptors to neurotransmitters. Neurohormones are chemical messengers released by neurons into the bloodstream to affect distant target cells, while neuroenzymes are enzymes produced by neurons that are involved in the synthesis or metabolism of neurotransmitters.

The Chemical Messengers Released by Neurons That Diffuse Beyond the Synapse