Which of the Following Is Correct with Respect to the Ratification

Which of the following is correct with respect to the ratification of an agent's contracts?

A) A principal can ratify a contract where the agent has gone beyond both his actual and apparent authority.
B) A contract can only be ratified if the principal was not able to enter into the contract himself at the time of ratification.
C) Ratification is always an intentional act and must be performed by the principal.
D) When a contract entered into by an agent is ratified by a principal, it commences at the time the principal ratifies the contract.
E) A principal can only ratify an agreement entered into by an agent if his name has not been used.