Question 1

What expression of aggression involves yelling, calling others names, or teasing?

Accepted Answer

Verbal aggression involves using words to express hostility or anger, such as yelling, name-calling or teasing. This is different from physical aggression, which involves physical action, and instrumental aggression, which is used to achieve a goal or objective. Hostile aggression is a broader term that encompasses various forms of aggression aimed at causing harm or injury to others.

Question 2

Which statement best describes the relationship between TV violence and aggression?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that watching aggression on television causes aggressive behaviors.

Question 3

Your nephew has always had a difficult personality.He is now in early childhood and is very aggressive.Your sister is concerned and asks you for your thoughts.You tell her that __________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that aggressive behavior in early childhood is a predictor of aggression in adolescence and adulthood. It is important for your sister to be concerned and seek out appropriate interventions or support to address her nephew's behavior.

Question 4

__________ are persons who share some aspect of their status in common, such as age.

Accepted Answer

Peers are persons who share some aspect of their status in common, such as age, education level, or occupation. They are typically considered to be equals and may have similar experiences or interests.

Question 5

In early childhood and throughout the life span, boys are consistently more __________ aggressive than girls.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that boys are more physically aggressive than girls, while girls are more likely to engage in relational or verbal aggression.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes relational aggression?

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression is a type of aggressive behavior that is focused on damaging another person's reputation or social standing through social exclusion and spreading malicious gossip. It can also include behaviors like verbal attacks and manipulation aimed at achieving social dominance or control. Unlike physical aggression, relational aggression is more subtle and often happens behind the scenes.

Question 7

What is the number of television commercials-which consist mostly of advertisements for toys, cereal, candy and fast food-that the average child sees per year in the United States?

Accepted Answer

According to a 2017 report by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the average child in the United States sees about 40,000 television commercials per year, with the majority of them being for toys, cereal, candy, and fast food.

Question 8

Five decades of research, including more than 300 studies, has led to a consensus that watching violence on TV __________.

Accepted Answer

The research consensus is that watching violence on TV increases children's aggression levels.

Question 9

Children ages __________ are especially vulnerable to the effects of TV violence.

Accepted Answer

Children ages 3 to 6 years are at a vulnerable stage of cognitive development, and exposure to violent TV can lead to increased aggression, desensitization to violence, and decreased empathy.

Question 10

American 4-year-olds spend approximately __________ of their play time in same-sexed groups while American 6-year-olds spend __________ of their play time in same-sexed groups.

Accepted Answer

American 4-year-olds spend approximately 45% of their play time in same-sexed groups, and by the age of 6, this increases to about 73%. This reflects the growing preference for same-sex playmates as children develop.

Question 11

During early childhood, children's play becomes __________.

Accepted Answer

During early childhood, children's play often becomes more sex-segregated, with boys and girls tending to play separately and in different ways, reflecting societal and developmental influences on gender roles.

Question 12

Sophia and Yvette are playing with dolls when suddenly a third playmate, Cameron, grabs Sophia's doll, throws it on the ground, and stomps on it, telling Yvette that Sophia's dolls are smelly and dirty.Cameron is demonstrating __________.

Accepted Answer

Cameron's behavior of grabbing Sophia's doll, throwing it on the ground, and stomping on it, while also insulting Sophia's other dolls as smelly and dirty, is an example of hostile aggression. This type of aggression is motivated by anger and the desire to cause harm to another person, object, or animal.

Question 13

Numerous studies have determined that girls' play groups engage in __________.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have found that girls tend to engage in quiet play, role playing, fantasy, and cooperative play in their play groups.

Question 14

In the United States, children ages 2 to 8 spend an average of __________ a day viewing TV, DVDs, and videos.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children ages 2 to 8 should watch no more than 1-2 hours of television per day. The average amount of time these children spend watching TV, DVDs, and videos is 2 hours per day.

Question 15

Numerous studies have determined that boys' play is characterized by __________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that boys engage in rough-and-tumble play, high-activity play, and are more likely to engage in aggressive play behaviors than girls.

Question 16

What is the term for people with whom you develop a valued, mutual relationship?

Accepted Answer

Friends are people with whom you develop a valued, mutual relationship. Peers can refer to classmates or colleagues, but not all of them may be friends. Relatives are family members, and while you may have a valued, mutual relationship with them, the term specifically refers to blood or marriage connections. Siblings are brothers and sisters, and while they may be friends, not all siblings have a valued, mutual relationship.

Question 17

The average American child watches __________ hours of television per day.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the average American child watches approximately 3.5 hours of television per day.

Question 18

__________ involves using aggressive behaviors to get an item that is wanted, whereas __________ is aggressive behavior that is intended to inflict pain or harm on others.

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression involves using aggressive behaviors to achieve a specific goal, such as obtaining a desired object. Hostile aggression, on the other hand, is motivated by feelings of anger and aims to cause pain or harm.

Question 19

Layla and Gregory are both 4 years old and playmates at the same daycare center.Which of the following best describes their relationship?

Accepted Answer

Layla and Gregory are both 4 years old and playmates at the same daycare center, which makes them peers. Peers refer to individuals who are in the same age range or have similar social status.

Question 20

__________ is/are slightly more common in girls than boys, and __________ is/are slightly more common in boys than girls.

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that girls tend to engage in more verbal and relational aggression, such as spreading rumors or exclusion, while boys tend to engage in more physical aggression, such as hitting or pushing.

Quiz 6: Early Childhood