As described by Piaget, the child who attempts to solve the pendulum task by trial and error is closer to the __________ stage of cognitive development while the child who solves the pendulum task and can explain his or her rationale is closer to the __________ stage of cognitive development.

Question

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The pendulum task is a classic experiment used to assess cognitive development in children, as described by Jean Piaget. A child in the concrete operations stage (typically ages 7 to 11) might attempt to solve the task through trial and error, focusing on the manipulation of concrete objects. In contrast, a child in the formal operations stage (beginning around age 12) is capable of abstract thinking and can formulate hypotheses and explain their reasoning, indicating a higher level of cognitive development.

As Described by Piaget, the Child Who Attempts to Solve