In the phylogeny depicted in the figure below,the P species are from the Pacific side and the C species are from the Caribbean side of the Isthmus of Panama.Which of the following is the most likely cause of speciation?

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The phylogeny shows that the P and C species are distinct groups that diverged after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. This suggests that their speciation was likely due to allopatric isolation caused by the closure of the isthmus. Sympatric speciation (A) would require the formation of new species within the same geographic region, which is not supported by the phylogeny. Parapatric speciation (B) could occur if the two populations were in contact along a narrow geographic zone, but this does not seem to be the case for the P and C species. Dispersal (C) could also result in speciation, but it is not supported by the phylogeny since the P and C species are not closely related.

In the Phylogeny Depicted in the Figure Below,the P Species