Luke believes it is impossible for him to do well in his calculus class,consequently he seldom spends time studying for that course.His lack of preparation for the exams has resulted in poor grades in the course.His low grades have strengthened his belief that he lacks the ability to succeed in the class.This interaction between Luke's beliefs,his behavior,and his environment illustrates the concept that Albert Bandura referred to as

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Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism suggests that people's behavior and their environment influence each other, and that individuals have some control over how they shape their environment. In this case, Luke's belief that he cannot succeed in calculus influences his behavior of not studying, which in turn affects his grades and reinforces his belief. This is a classic example of the reciprocal interaction of personal factors, behavior, and environment. A is incorrect because reaction formation refers to the unconscious defense mechanism of repressing an unacceptable urge by excessively exaggerating the opposite behavior or feeling. C is incorrect because unconditioned reinforcement refers to a natural and automatic response to a stimulus that does not require any learning or conditioning. D is incorrect because overcompensation refers to an excessive attempt to make up for feelings of inferiority or failure by achieving success in a different area or by overemphasizing one's strengths.

Luke Believes It Is Impossible for Him to Do Well