Communication channels that exist outside the formally authorised channels and do not adhere to the organisation's hierarchy of authority are referred to as a(n):
A) MBWA system
B) open communication
C) personal communication channel
D) personal network
E) grapevine.

Question

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The Answer of Communication channels that exist outside the formally authorised channels and do not adhere to the organisation's hierarchy of authority are referred to as a(n):
A) MBWA system
B) open communication
C) personal communication channel
D) personal network
E) grapevine.

Communication Channels That Exist Outside the Formally Authorised Channels and Do