According to the resource-based view of the organisation,the four characteristics that make a resource particularly useful in a competitive marketplace are that they are: valuable,rare,inimitable and non-substitutable,

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The resource-based view of the organisation suggests that a resource is valuable if it enables the firm to exploit opportunities or neutralize threats in the environment. A resource becomes rare if the number of firms that possess it is less than the number of firms it would take to reach a state of perfect competition. Inimitability refers to the extent to which a firm's competitors can duplicate a resource. Non-substitutability suggests that there are no other strategic resources that can provide similar benefits to the firm. These four characteristics- valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable- are known as VRIN criteria and are crucial in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage.

According to the Resource-Based View of the Organisation,the Four Characteristics