Ion and water regulation in the insect is controlled by the

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Insects regulate their ion and water balance through the Malpighian tubules, which are specialized structures in their excretory system. The Malpighian tubules actively transport ions and uric acid out of the hemolymph (fluid equivalent to blood in insects) and into the tubules, where they are excreted with minimal water loss. The kidneys and metanephridia are excretory structures found in other animals, while the caecum is a blind-ended sac in the gut of insects that has a digestive function.

Ion and Water Regulation in the Insect Is Controlled by the