Which of the following accounts for the reduction in adolescent self-esteem between middle childhood and ages 12 to 13?

Question

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The cognitive maturity that allows awareness of the discrepancies between one's real self and one's ideal self is the primary factor responsible for the reduction in adolescent self-esteem between middle childhood and ages 12 to 13. The understanding of the difference between one's real and ideal self can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-consciousness, which can negatively impact self-esteem. While the presence of an expanding peer group in adolescence may lead to increased social comparison and awareness of others, it is not the main cause of the reduction in self-esteem during this age period. Concrete operational thought and cognitive ability typically increase during adolescence and are not related to the reduction in self-esteem.

Which of the Following Accounts for the Reduction in Adolescent