Early psychosocial theories of crime strongly emphasized the roles of intelligence and temperament.

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Early psychosocial theories of crime, such as those proposed by Cesare Lombroso and William Sheldon, placed significant emphasis on the roles of intelligence and temperament in criminal behavior. Lombroso believed that criminals were biologically different from non-criminals and had lower intelligence, while Sheldon classified criminals as having a mesomorphic body type associated with assertiveness and aggression.

Early Psychosocial Theories of Crime Strongly Emphasized the Roles of Intelligence