Which sign signals the onset of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)in a client who has chronic renal failure?

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The onset of ESRD occurs when at least 90 percent of the nephrons fail.BUN and creatinine levels rise,polyuria changes to oliguria,and severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances are evident.The diagnosis is confirmed when the BUN is at least 50 mg/dL and the serum creatinine level is greater than 5 mg/dL.All systems are affected by ESRD.Lifetime dialysis becomes inevitable unless kidney transplantation is performed and is successful.

Which Sign Signals the Onset of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)in