Question 1

Describe the role that hormones play in regard to emotion and stress (Chapter 11).

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Question 2

As we saw in Chapter 11 (Emotion, Stress, and Health), the way that you think about a situation affects the emotions that you feel about it. Integrate this information with the benefits of confession and of reappraising a problem situation.

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Question 3

People in the lower rungs of the socioeconomic ladder have worse health and higher mortality rates for almost every disease and medical condition than do those at the top. Review the Canadian research that links poverty and stress.

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Question 4

Emotions are often visibly expressed on the face. In what ways have modern psychologists confirmed Darwin's concepts regarding facial expressions? Describe Paul Ekman's theory of the expression of emotion.

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Question 5

The textbook points out that a few psychologists still are enthusiastic about using the polygraph to detect liars. Most psychologists, however, regard the polygraph test as invalid. What research supports this latter view?

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Question 6

The textbook provides several examples illustrating the ways that stressors affect the body. Describe, in detail, the four types of chronic stressors that are especially likely to increase the risk of illness or poor health.

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Question 7

Mice show signs of stress when they are crowded, but humans often seek crowds (just think of a mosh pit!). Chapter 11 (Emotion, Stress, and Health) gives us insight into this topic. Integrate the research on crowding with your knowledge from Chapter 8 (Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context) concerning cultural differences in personal space and conversational distance.

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Question 8

Briefly explain the relationship between stress and cell damage.

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Question 9

There are some tragedies that appear out of the blue and can't be solved. But even if a problem cannot be fixed, the authors provide four ways that have proven effective in helping people thrive as the result of a crisis. Name and examine each of these effective cognitive coping methods.

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Question 10

Compare the Eastern and Western forms of control. What proverbs illustrate these philosophies?

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Question 11

Over a century ago, William James commented on the paradox of an athlete who is "shamed to death" because he is merely the second best in the world. What did James mean by this? Cite research evidence to support his view.

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Question 12

If emotional expression is hard-wired by evolution, why do people across and within cultures disagree on the identification and interpretation of such expression?

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Question 13

Analyze Hans Selye's ideas about the general adaptation syndrome from the perspective of current research.

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Question 14

In his book, The Stress of Life, Hans Selye wrote that many different environmental stressors, such as heat or cold, pain or danger, disrupt the body's equilibrium and lead to a three-phase physiological reaction. Create your own example of an environmental stressor and then provide details of each of the three phases.

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Question 15

Galen is feeling overwhelmed by assignments and tests. What would you recommend to help him calm down?

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Question 16

Many components of emotional experience are specifically localized in the brain. What have researchers learned about emotion and the brain?

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Question 17

What qualities of Type A behaviour are most likely to be associated with illness? Describe the findings of the longitudinal study in which individuals were tested as young medical students, and then were retested 25 years later in order to determine risk factors.

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Question 18

The inner part of the adrenal glands sends out two hormones that play central roles in energizing emotion. What are these hormones, and what happens when they activate the sympathetic nervous system?

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Question 19

Contrast the two explanatory styles that people use in responding to bad events. Explain the relationship of each style to health.

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Quiz 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health