The perinatal nurse describes risk factors for placenta previa to the student nurse.Which of the following risk factors does the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

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Placenta previa may be associated with conditions that cause scarring of the uterus such as prior cesarean birth,multiparity,or increased maternal age.Placenta previa may also occur with a large placental mass,as seen in multiple gestations and erythroblastosis.Other risk factors for placenta previa include smoking,cocaine use,a prior history of placenta previa,closely spaced pregnancies,African or Asian ethnicity,and maternal age greater than 35 years (Clark,2004).

The Perinatal Nurse Describes Risk Factors for Placenta Previa to the Student