Heinrichs (2005)found that the effect sizes that link schizophrenia and neuropsychological functions showed magnitudes at least twice as large as studies that link schizophrenia with structural brain imaging. He concluded that:

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Heinrichs' findings suggest that chronic stress and distress may have a stronger influence on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia than structural brain imaging. This does not prove that there is no evidence of actual brain disturbance or that previous brain imaging studies had methodological flaws due to aging equipment.

Heinrichs (2005)found That the Effect Sizes That Link Schizophrenia and Neuropsychological