Exhibit 12-2: a Study of Inner-City Adolescents Found That the Proportion

Exhibit 12-2: A study of inner-city adolescents found that the proportion of those who participate in athletics who have police records was much lower than that proportion for other adolescents in the same community.It might be concluded that participation in athletics helps adolescents avoid criminal activity.Many other hypotheses may also be suggested.Read the hypotheses (a-d) and choose the correct answer.
-Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Which is a hypothesis of reversed causality?

A) adolescents with criminal records have difficulty getting accepted into athletic teams.
B) athletes avoid criminal records because police "look the other way" when athletes are involved in crime.
C) athletic activities keep adolescents off the street and out of crime.
D) the kind of adolescents who choose to participate in athletics are more inclined to avoid crime than are other adolescents.