The casual-comparative design is used when
A) the independent variable cannot be manipulated by the researcher.
B) it is not possible to assign subjects to different treatments.
C) the independent variable being investigated is one that already characterizes an individual.
D) variation is an independent variable occurring in the natural course of events.
E) All of these are true.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The casual-comparative design is indeed used in situations where the independent variable cannot be manipulated by the researcher, it's not possible to assign subjects to different treatments, the independent variable is an inherent characteristic of individuals, and the variation in the independent variable occurs naturally. This design is often applied in educational and social science research where experimental manipulation is either unethical or impractical.

The Casual-Comparative Design Is Used When