In the wild, the regional population size of wolves is controlled by

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The population size of wolves in the wild is primarily controlled by the availability of food. When food is scarce, wolf populations decrease as the wolves struggle to find enough prey to survive and reproduce. In contrast, when food is plentiful, wolf populations can increase, leading to competition for resources and potential conflicts with humans. While alpha male dominance and beta female reproduction can play a role in pack dynamics, they do not necessarily directly control the overall population size of wolves. Other predators such as bears and mountain lions can impact wolf populations, but their influence may be limited in many areas.

In the Wild, the Regional Population Size of Wolves Is