During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Holy Roman Emperors

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During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Holy Roman Emperors attempted to exploit the resources of Italy. This led to conflicts with the papacy and Italian cities, known as the Investiture Controversy and the Italian Wars, respectively. The emperors saw Italy as a source of wealth and power, but their attempts to control it ultimately weakened their authority and the Holy Roman Empire as a whole.

During the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries, Holy Roman Emperors