Which of the following was NOT a result of the Crusades?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The steady growth in power of the Middle Eastern crusader states is a result of the crusades, as European warriors established themselves in places like the Kingdom of Jerusalem. However, increasingly common and violent attacks on European Jews by Christians were also a result of the Crusades, as Christian soldiers blamed Jews for the death of Christ and massacred entire communities. Some cultural exchanges between Christians and Muslims also occurred during the Crusades, such as through trade and intellectual exchanges, and new economic growth of Italian port cities was stimulated by the transport of soldiers and supplies to the Holy Land. By removing many young warriors to the Middle East, European society was possibly more stable and European monarchs gained greater control.

Which of the Following Was NOT a Result of the Crusades