Particularly within specific sub-cultures, such as middle-class families in Western societies, ______________________ parenting is associated with significantly more positive outcomes than the other parenting styles.

Question

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Research has consistently shown that authoritative parenting, characterized by high levels of warmth and responsiveness coupled with clear expectations and boundaries, is associated with better outcomes in areas such as academic achievement, social competence, and mental health, particularly within middle-class families in Western cultures. Authoritarian parenting (A), characterized by strict, controlling behavior with little warmth or responsiveness, can lead to negative outcomes such as low self-esteem, anxiety, and aggression. Permissive-indulgent parenting (C), characterized by high levels of warmth and responsiveness with few expectations or boundaries, can lead to negative outcomes such as entitlement and poor impulse control. Permissive-neglectful parenting (D), characterized by low levels of both warmth and control, can lead to various negative outcomes, including behavioral problems and academic underachievement.

Particularly Within Specific Sub-Cultures, Such as Middle-Class Families in Western