According to Perry's theory, when a college professor encourages a student to use less either/or thinking, the professor is challenging the limitations of:

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Perry's theory posits that there are different stages of cognitive development, and dualism is one of the early stages where individuals tend to see the world in black and white terms, using either/or thinking. By encouraging the student to use less either/or thinking, the professor is challenging the limitations of dualism and helping them evolve towards more complex thinking. The other options (multiplicity, relativistic thinking, postformal thinking) refer to later stages in Perry's theory and are not relevant to this scenario.

According to Perry's Theory, When a College Professor Encourages a Student