Corporate Governance Failures at Volkswagen Included All of the Following

Corporate governance failures at Volkswagen included all of the following except

A) a unique ownership structure where a single family, Porsche, controlled more than 50 percent of voting shares.
B) a strong independent board of directors that was responsible for making independent judgments about the validity and wisdom of management's proposed strategic actions.
C) inadequate monitoring of the CEO and other senior executives.
D) elevating management to the supervisory board even though they had presided over past scandals.
E) unwillingness of the board of directors to accept any responsibility for the allowing use of "defeat devices" on at least 11 million vehicles with diesel engines.