In the carcinogenic process, what happens during the initiation stage?
A)DNA changes are passed on to more cells during cell replication.
B)A carcinogen causes permanent damage to DNA.
C)A carcinogen acts repeatedly on cells with damaged DNA.
D)A gene is activated that promotes cell proliferation.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A)The initiation state involves permanent damage in the cellular DNA as a result of exposure to a carcinogen. The promotion stage involves conditions such as smoking or alcohol use that act repeatedly on the already affected cells. The progression stage involves inherited changes that are acquired during cell replication developing into a cancer. Oncogenes are genes that promote cell proliferation; they are not part of the carcinogenic process.
B)The initiation state involves permanent damage in the cellular DNA as a result of exposure to a carcinogen. The promotion stage involves conditions such as smoking or alcohol use that act repeatedly on the already affected cells. The progression stage involves inherited changes that are acquired during cell replication developing into a cancer. Oncogenes are genes that promote cell proliferation; they are not part of the carcinogenic process.
C)The initiation state involves permanent damage in the cellular DNA as a result of exposure to a carcinogen. The promotion stage involves conditions such as smoking or alcohol use that act repeatedly on the already affected cells. The progression stage involves inherited changes that are acquired during cell replication developing into a cancer. Oncogenes are genes that promote cell proliferation; they are not part of the carcinogenic process.
D)The initiation state involves permanent damage in the cellular DNA as a result of exposure to a carcinogen. The promotion stage involves conditions such as smoking or alcohol use that act repeatedly on the already affected cells. The progression stage involves inherited changes that are acquired during cell replication developing into a cancer. Oncogenes are genes that promote cell proliferation; they are not part of the carcinogenic process.

In the Carcinogenic Process, What Happens During the Initiation Stage