The nurse is providing care to a client who admits to smoking two packs of cigarettes per day for 34 years. The client also has a history of intermittent claudication, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. After 6 weeks of smoking cessation, the client reports that he is frequently "yelling" at his spouse and "flying off the handle." Which effects of cigarette smoking are associated with the data the nurse has collected from the client? Select all that apply.

Question

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A)Nicotine causes the release of dopamine (a precursor to norepinephrine)and epinephrine. These substances trigger vasoconstriction, which exacerbates intermittent claudication. Tobacco use also causes atherosclerosis, which is seen in intermittent claudication. Tar and other chemicals, not nicotine, cause the destruction of the alveoli seen in emphysema and the productive cough seen in chronic bronchitis. Dopaminergic processes have a role in regulating the reinforcing effects of nicotine, making cessation difficult and contributing to withdrawal symptoms including nervousness, restlessness, irritability, impatience, and increased hostility.
B)Nicotine causes the release of dopamine (a precursor to norepinephrine)and epinephrine. These substances trigger vasoconstriction, which exacerbates intermittent claudication. Tobacco use also causes atherosclerosis, which is seen in intermittent claudication. Tar and other chemicals, not nicotine, cause the destruction of the alveoli seen in emphysema and the productive cough seen in chronic bronchitis. Dopaminergic processes have a role in regulating the reinforcing effects of nicotine, making cessation difficult and contributing to withdrawal symptoms including nervousness, restlessness, irritability, impatience, and increased hostility.
C)Nicotine causes the release of dopamine (a precursor to norepinephrine)and epinephrine. These substances trigger vasoconstriction, which exacerbates intermittent claudication. Tobacco use also causes atherosclerosis, which is seen in intermittent claudication. Tar and other chemicals, not nicotine, cause the destruction of the alveoli seen in emphysema and the productive cough seen in chronic bronchitis. Dopaminergic processes have a role in regulating the reinforcing effects of nicotine, making cessation difficult and contributing to withdrawal symptoms including nervousness, restlessness, irritability, impatience, and increased hostility.
D)Nicotine causes the release of dopamine (a precursor to norepinephrine)and epinephrine. These substances trigger vasoconstriction, which exacerbates intermittent claudication. Tobacco use also causes atherosclerosis, which is seen in intermittent claudication. Tar and other chemicals, not nicotine, cause the destruction of the alveoli seen in emphysema and the productive cough seen in chronic bronchitis. Dopaminergic processes have a role in regulating the reinforcing effects of nicotine, making cessation difficult and contributing to withdrawal symptoms including nervousness, restlessness, irritability, impatience, and increased hostility.
E)Nicotine causes the release of dopamine (a precursor to norepinephrine)and epinephrine. These substances trigger vasoconstriction, which exacerbates intermittent claudication. Tobacco use also causes atherosclerosis, which is seen in intermittent claudication. Tar and other chemicals, not nicotine, cause the destruction of the alveoli seen in emphysema and the productive cough seen in chronic bronchitis. Dopaminergic processes have a role in regulating the reinforcing effects of nicotine, making cessation difficult and contributing to withdrawal symptoms including nervousness, restlessness, irritability, impatience, and increased hostility.

The Nurse Is Providing Care to a Client Who Admits