A cross-sectional study cannot establish causality because
A)science can establish correlation,but not causation.
B)cross-sectional studies measure people at just one point in time.
C)social life has so many variables influencing events.
D)it draws only two samples drawn at two points in time.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional studies measure people at just one point in time, which means that causality cannot be established. This is because there is no way to determine if the exposure or risk factor occurred before or after the outcome, leading to the possibility of reverse causation or confounding variables. Longitudinal studies, on the other hand, follow individuals over time and can establish causality with greater certainty.

A Cross-Sectional Study Cannot Establish Causality Because