In viruses such as influenza,the ability to undergo a major genetic alteration is called

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Antigenic shift refers to a major genetic alteration in the viral genome of influenza, resulting in the emergence of a new subtype of the virus that is antigenically distinct from previously circulating strains. This occurs when two different strains of influenza virus infect the same host cell and exchange genetic material, leading to the creation of a novel virus that can cause a pandemic if it spreads widely and efficiently in the human population. Antigenic drift, on the other hand, is a gradual accumulation of mutations in the viral genome over time that leads to minor changes in the viral surface proteins, which can cause epidemics and require annual updates to the flu vaccine. Antigenic variation refers to the ability of some viruses, such as HIV and influenza, to evade the host immune system by rapidly changing their surface proteins to avoid recognition by antibodies. Antigenic binding refers to the interaction between an antigen and an antibody, which is a key step in immune recognition and response.

In Viruses Such as Influenza,the Ability to Undergo a Major