Which of these factors does NOT contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla
A)the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
B)countercurrent multiplication in the long loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
C)urea recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle
D)active transportation of sodium out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system primarily regulates blood pressure and does not have a direct role in the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla. The other factors listed (countercurrent multiplication, urea recycling, active transportation of sodium) are all involved in establishing the osmotic gradient.

Which of These Factors Does NOT Contribute to the Establishment