Question 1

Jocelyne is 8 years old and cannot control her temper.Her parents encourage her to vent her anger by punching a large stuffed bear.This approach will most likely ____.

Accepted Answer

Encouraging a child to physically vent their anger can actually increase their aggressiveness rather than decrease it. This approach may also teach the child that physical violence is an acceptable way to deal with their emotions. A better approach would be to teach Jocelyne coping mechanisms such as deep breathing or communication skills, rather than physical aggression.

Question 2

In research using surveillance camera footage of public places,researchers observed actual fighting behavior and found that third parties ____.

Accepted Answer

The research found that third parties were less likely to intervene as the number of bystanders grew larger.

Question 3

Jeron is 6 years old.His parents have always yelled at him when angry but they have never hit him.They do,however,yell at and slap each other.Based on Albert Bandura's and other studies,what is Jeron likely to learn?

Accepted Answer

Based on Bandura's social learning theory, children can learn aggressive behavior by observing others, especially adults. In this case, Jeron is likely to learn that it is acceptable to yell and slap when angry, which may lead to him behaving aggressively in the future.

Question 4

Aggression is the ____.

Accepted Answer

Aggression is defined as the conscious intent to harm another, indicating a deliberate action rather than an unintentional one.

Question 5

Which of the following examples does not fit an evolutionary model to account for altruistic behavior?

Accepted Answer

Option D does not fit an evolutionary model because it suggests that altruistic behavior is transmitted through culture and learning, rather than being a result of natural selection and survival advantage. The other options all propose evolutionary reasons for altruism.

Question 6

Cross-cultural data show that homicide rates are often high in cultures that ____.

Accepted Answer

Cultures that reward children for aggression toward each other tend to have higher homicide rates, as this behavior can normalize violence and aggression as acceptable means of conflict resolution.

Question 7

In the tit-for-tat strategy,your first move is to ____.

Accepted Answer

The tit-for-tat strategy involves starting with a cooperative move and then mirroring the opponent's previous move. By starting with cooperation, it establishes a potential for reciprocal cooperation from the opponent, leading to mutual benefit.

Question 8

Children and youth are exposed to increasingly violent and graphic images and ideas through films,video games,and music lyrics.Some research results show correlations between media exposure and aggression,which indicates that ____.

Accepted Answer

While some research suggests a correlation between media exposure and aggression, it is not yet clear if exposure to violent media causes aggression or if there is simply a relationship between the two. More research is needed to fully understand this complex issue.

Question 9

The percentage of the human population lost to war today has decreased since the time of the hunter-gatherers.One possible reason is that between-group violence has been reduced by ____.

Accepted Answer

Increasing economic dependencies among nations has reduced between-group violence because countries now rely on each other for trade and resources, making it less likely for them to engage in wars. This has led to a decrease in the percentage of the human population lost to war today.

Question 10

What was the researchers' finding in a study comparing brain activity in murderers who had experienced neglect and abuse to murderers who had not experienced neglect or abuse (Raine,Stoddard,Bihrle,& Buchsbaum,1998)?

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that the brain activity of the neglected and abused murderers was quite similar to the nonviolent control participants. This suggests that early environmental factors, such as neglect and abuse, may have an impact on brain function and can contribute to violent behavior. The brain activity of the nonabused murderers was not specifically mentioned in the research findings.

Question 11

The study of bystander intervention is the study of situational variables related to helping a stranger,most notably the ____.

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect, which refers to the phenomenon that people are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present, is one of the most well-established findings in this area of research. Therefore, the decreased likelihood of helping as the number of bystanders increases is the most notable situational variable related to bystander intervention. The other options may also be relevant to understanding bystander intervention, but they are not the most notable or well-established variables in the field.

Question 12

Capuchin monkeys refuse to exchange pebbles for a slice of cucumber after seeing another monkey receive a more highly valued grape for its pebble (Brosnan & De Waal,2003).This suggests that nonhuman primates have a ____.

Accepted Answer

The fact that the capuchin monkeys refuse to exchange pebbles for a slice of cucumber after seeing another monkey receive a more highly valued grape for its pebble suggests that they have a sense of fair play. They appear to understand the concept of unequal rewards and are not willing to accept an unfair exchange.

Question 13

Mary and Paul made a great deal of money recently by winning the lottery.They come from families of little education or money.They moved to a beautiful new home in a neighborhood well known for the wealth and high social status of its residents.The neighbors have been very unfriendly to them,ignore their attempts to make friends,and talk badly to each other about the new family in the neighborhood.This is an example of ____ aggression.

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression is a form of aggression that is aimed at damaging someone's social status or relationships with others. In this scenario, the neighbors are using their social status to exclude and ostracize Mary and Paul, which is an example of relational aggression. Defensive, instrumental, and maternal aggression do not apply to this scenario.

Question 14

Human twin and adoption studies imply that aggressive tendencies in human beings are ____.

Accepted Answer

Human twin and adoption studies suggest that genetics plays a significant role in the development of aggressive tendencies. Twin studies consistently show that identical twins are more similar in their levels of aggression than fraternal twins, indicating that genetic factors play a role. Adoption studies also indicate that adopted children resemble their biological parents more than their adoptive parents in terms of aggressive behavior, further supporting the genetic influence. However, environmental factors such as upbringing, socio-economic status, and experiences can also impact the expression of aggressive tendencies. Therefore, aggressive tendencies in human beings are at least partly influenced by genetics.

Question 15

Consider the prisoner's dilemma (Poundstone,1992).In which of the following pairings would the participants likely cooperate the least?

Accepted Answer

The participants from different cultural backgrounds and countries are more likely to cooperate the least because of the high likelihood of communication problems, differing perspectives, and cultural misunderstandings. Therefore, one participant from China and one participant from the United States are likely to cooperate the least.

Question 16

Why might being a cooperator provide a survival advantage?

Accepted Answer

Having a reputation for cooperating can motivate others to cooperate with that person. This, in turn, can lead to more resources, better protection, and higher chances of survival for the cooperator.

Question 17

Helping behavior that either fails to reward or harms the person who performs it is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Altruism refers to helping others without expecting any personal reward or benefit, even if the behavior has no immediate or obvious benefit to the person performing the behavior or even if the behavior results in harm or risk to the helper. Compassion, benevolence, and mercy may all involve helping others, but they do not necessarily entail a lack of personal gain or potential harm to the helper.

Question 18

Alexis is generally a reasonable person-unless she becomes very drunk.Then,she is quick to grow angry with her husband,accuses him unfairly of infidelity,and has on occasion tried to hit him.What role does alcohol play in these instances?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol has disinhibiting effects on behavior, meaning it can lower inhibitions and cause people to act impulsively without considering the consequences. This can lead to increased aggressiveness or risky behavior, as seen in Alexis's case.

Question 19

The text describes a study finding that defendants' appearance as more stereotypically African American was highly predictive of the men's sentences when the victims were White.Describe the concept of implicit measures of prejudice.What role might implicit prejudice have played in this study? What other information would be helpful to gain a more detailed understanding of the study's results?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The text describes a study finding that...

Question 20

For which of the following groups do testosterone levels correlate with the violent nature of the crimes for which they were sentenced,as well as the dominance and violence they demonstrated while in prison?

Accepted Answer

The answer of For which of the following groups do...

Quiz 13: The Connected Mind Social Psychology