How Can Some Firmicutes Persist in the Environment for Centuries

How can some Firmicutes persist in the environment for centuries?

A) Their unique cell shapes reduce surface area to prevent desiccation.
B) They form dormant endospores that remain viable for long periods of time.
C) They are able to slow their metabolism in vegetative cells when nutrients are depleted.
D) They produce a thick waxy coating when the environment becomes dry.