Standard conditions for sterilization by ________ are 121°C and 15 psi for 20 minutes.

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Autoclaving is a commonly used method for sterilization in the laboratory and medical settings. The standard conditions for autoclaving are 121°C and 15 psi for 20 minutes. This method uses steam under pressure to kill microorganisms and spores. Pasteurization is a method of applying heat to food products to kill pathogens, but it is not typically used for sterilization. Tyndallization is a process that involves intermittent heating and cooling to sterilize materials, often used for heat-sensitive substances. Lyophilization is a process of freeze-drying, which can preserve biological materials but does not sterilize them.

Standard Conditions for Sterilization by ________ Are 121°C and 15