Is It Possible for an Arrest to Occur Without an Officer

Is it possible for an arrest to occur without an officer specifically stating to an individual that he is under arrest?

A) No, those exact words must be spoken in order to trigger the rights of the suspect.
B) Not unless exigent circumstances exist and the officer is in immediate danger.
C) Yes, an institutional arrest is based on the subject belief of the individual.
D) Yes, a de facto arrest may occur based on the totality of the circumstances and a reasonable person standard.