By what level of proof must the plaintiff demonstrate that the law enforcement officer committed the tort in a "willful or malicious fashion"?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The plaintiff must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that the law enforcement officer committed the tort in a willful or malicious fashion. This means that the plaintiff must show evidence that it is more likely than not that the officer acted with intent or malice. This is a higher standard of proof than probable cause, reasonable suspicion, or probable suspicion.

By What Level of Proof Must the Plaintiff Demonstrate That